Absolutism | doctrine of government by a single absolute ruler; autocracy Absurdism | doctrine that we live in an irrational universe Academicism | doctrine that nothing can be known Accidentalism | theory that events do not have causes Acosmism | disbelief in existence of eternal universe distinct from God Adamitism | nakedness for religious reasons Adevism | denial of gods of mythology and legend Adiaphorism | doctrine of theological indifference Adoptionism | belief that Christ was the adopted and not natural son of God Aestheticism | doctrine that beauty is central to other moral principles Agapism | ethics of love Agathism | belief in ultimate triumph of good despite evil means Agnosticism | doctrine that we can know nothing beyond material phenomena Animism | attribution of soul to inanimate objects Anthropotheism | belief that gods are only deified men Antidisestablishmentarianism | doctrine opposed to removing Church of England's official religion status Antilapsarianism | denial of doctrine of the fall of humanity Antinomianism | doctrine of the rejection of moral law Antipedobaptism | denial of validity of infant baptism Apocalypticism | doctrine of the imminent end of the world Aspheterism | denial of the right to private property Atheism | belief that there is no God Atomism | belief that the universe consists of small indivisible particles Autosoterism | belief that one can obtain salvation through oneself Autotheism | belief that one is God incarnate or that one is Christ Bitheism | belief in two gods Bonism | the doctrine that the world is good but not perfect Bullionism | belief in the importance of metallic currency in economics Casualism | the belief that chance governs all things Catabaptism | belief in the wrongness of infant baptism Catastrophism | belief in rapid geological and biological change Collectivism | doctrine of communal control of means of production Collegialism | theory that church is independent from the state Conceptualism | theory that universal truths exist as mental concepts Conservatism | belief in maintaining political and social traditions Cosmism | belief that the cosmos is a self-existing whole Cosmotheism | the belief that identifies God with the cosmos Deism | belief in God but rejection of religion Determinism | doctrine that events are predetermined by preceding events or laws Diphysitism | belief in the dual nature of Christ Ditheism | belief in two equal gods, one good and one evil Ditheletism | doctrine that Christ had two wills Dualism | doctrine that the universe is controlled by one good and one evil force Egalitarianism | belief that humans ought to be equal in rights and privileges Egoism | doctrine that the pursuit of self-interest is the highest good Egotheism | identification of oneself with God Eidolism | belief in ghosts Emotivism | theory that moral statements are inherently biased Entryism | doctrine of joining a group to change its policies Epiphenomenalism | doctrine that mental processes are epiphenomena of brain activity Eternalism | the belief that matter has existed eternally Eudaemonism | ethical belief that happiness equals morality Euhemerism | explanation of mythology as growing out of history Existentialism | doctrine of individual human responsibility in an unfathomable universe Experientialism | doctrine that knowledge comes from experience Fallibilism | the doctrine that empirical knowledge is uncertain Fatalism | doctrine that events are fixed and humans are powerless Fideism | doctrine that knowledge depends on faith over reason Finalism | belief that an end has or can be reached Fortuitism | belief in evolution by chance variation Functionalism | doctrine emphasising utility and function Geocentrism | belief that Earth is the centre of the universe Gnosticism | belief that freedom derives solely from knowledge Gradualism | belief that things proceed by degrees Gymnobiblism | belief that the Bible can be presented to unlearned without commentary Hedonism | belief that pleasure is the highest good Henism | doctrine that there is only one kind of existence Henotheism | belief in one tribal god, but not as the only god Historicism | belief that all phenomena are historically determined Holism | belief that fundamental universal principle is creation of wholes Holobaptism | belief in baptism with total immersion in water Humanism | belief that human interests and mind are paramount Hylomorphism | belief that matter is cause of the universe Hylopathism | belief in ability of matter to affect the spiritual world Hylotheism | belief that the universe is purely material Hylozoism | doctrine that all matter is endowed with life Illuminism | belief in an inward spiritual light Illusionism | belief that the external world is philosophy Imagism | doctrine of use of precise images with unrestricted subject Immanentism | belief in an immanent or permanent god Immaterialism | the doctrine that there is no material substance Immoralism | rejection of morality Indifferentism | the belief that all religions are equally valid Individualism | belief that individual interests and rights are paramount Instrumentalism | doctrine that ideas are instruments of action Intellectualism | belief that all knowledge is derived from reason Interactionism | belief that mind and body act on each other Introspectionism | doctrine that knowledge of mind must derive from introspection Intuitionism | belief that the perception of truth is by intuition Kathenotheism | polytheism in which each god is considered single and supreme Kenotism | doctrine that Christ rid himself of divinity in becoming human Laicism | doctrine of opposition to clergy and priests Latitudinarianism | doctrine of broad liberality in religious belief and conduct Laxism | belief that an unlikely opinion may be safely followed Legalism | belief that salvation depends on strict adherence to the law Liberalism | doctrine of social change and tolerance Libertarianism | doctrine that personal liberty is the highest value Malism | the belief that the world is evil Materialism | belief that matter is the only extant substance Mechanism | belief that life is explainable by mechanical forces Meliorism | the belief the world tends to become better Mentalism | belief that the world can be explained as aspect of the mind Messianism | belief in a single messiah or saviour Millenarianism | belief that an ideal society will be produced in the near future Modalism | belief in unity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit Monadism | theory that there exist ultimate units of being Monergism | theory that the Holy Spirit alone can act Monism | belief that all things can be placed in one category Monophysitism | belief that Christ was primarily divine but in human form Monopsychism | belief that individuals have a single eternal soul Monotheism | belief in only one God Monotheletism | belief that Christ had only one will Mortalism | belief that the soul is mortal Mutualism | belief in mutual dependence of society and the individual Nativism | belief that the mind possesses inborn thoughts Naturalism | belief that the world can be explained in terms of natural forces Necessarianism | theory that actions are determined by prior history Neonomianism | theory that the gospel abrogates earlier moral codes Neovitalism | theory that total material explanation is impossible Nihilism | denial of all reality Nominalism | doctrine that naming of things defines reality Nomism | view that moral conduct consists in observance of laws Noumenalism | belief in existence of noumena Nullibilism | denial that the soul exists in space Numenism | belief in local deities or spirits Objectivism | doctrine that all reality is objective Omnism | belief in all religions Optimism | doctrine that we live in the best of all possible worlds Organicism | conception of life or society as an organism Paedobaptism | doctrine of infant baptism Panaesthetism | theory that consciousness may inhere generally in matter Pancosmism | theory that the material universe is all that exists Panentheism | belief that world is part but not all of God's being Panpsychism | theory that all nature has a psychic side Pansexualism | theory that all thought is derived from sexual instinct Panspermatism | belief in origin of life from extraterrestrial germs Pantheism | belief that the universe is God; belief in many gods Panzoism | belief that humans and animals share vital life energy Parallelism | belief that matter and mind don't interact but relate Perfectibilism | doctrine that humans capable of becoming perfect Perfectionism | doctrine that moral perfection constitutes the highest value Personalism | doctrine that humans possess spiritual freedom Pessimism | doctrine that the universe is essentially evil Phenomenalism | belief that phenomena are the only realities Physicalism | belief that all phenomena reducible to verifiable assertions Physitheism | attribution of physical form and attributes to deities Pluralism | belief that reality consists of several kinds or entities Polytheism | belief in multiple deities Positivism | doctrine that that which is not observable is not knowable Pragmatism | doctrine emphasizing practical value of philosophy Predestinarianism | belief that what ever is to happen is already fixed Prescriptivism | belief that moral edicts are merely orders with no truth value Primitivism | doctrine that a simple and natural life is morally best Privatism | attitude of avoiding involvement in outside interests Probabiliorism | belief that when in doubt one must choose most likely answer Probabilism | belief that knowledge is always probable but never absolute Psilanthropism | denial of Christ's divinity Psychism | belief in universal soul Psychomorphism | doctrine that inanimate objects have human mentality Psychopannychism | belief that souls sleep from death to resurrection Psychotheism | doctrine that God is a purely spiritual entity Pyrrhonism | total or radical skepticism Quietism | doctrine of enlightenment through mental tranquility Racism | belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities Realism | doctrine that objects of cognition are real Reductionism | belief that complex phenomena are reducible to simple ones Regalism | doctrine of the monarch's supremacy in church affairs Representationalism | doctrine that ideas rather than external objects are basis of knowledge Republicanism | belief that a republic is the best form of government Romanticism | belief in sentimental feeling in artistic expression Sacerdotalism | belief that priests are necessary mediators between God and mankind Sacramentarianism | belief that sacraments have unusual properties Scientism | belief that the methods of science are universally applicable Self-determinism | doctrine that the actions of a self are determined by itself Sensationalism | belief that ideas originate solely in sensation Siderism | belief that the stars influence human affairs Skepticism | doctrine that true knowledge is always uncertain Socialism | doctrine of centralized state control of wealth and property Solarism | excessive use of solar myths in explaining mythology Solifidianism | doctrine that faith alone will ensure salvation Solipsism | theory that self-existence is the only certainty Spatialism | doctrine that matter has only spatial, temporal and causal properties Spiritualism | belief that nothing is real except the soul or spirit Stercoranism | belief that the consecrated Eucharist is digested and evacuated Stoicism | belief in indifference to pleasure or pain Subjectivism | doctrine that all knowledge is subjective Substantialism | belief that there is a real existence underlying phenomena Syndicalism | doctrine of direct worker control of capital Synergism | belief that human will and divine spirit cooperate in salvation Terminism | doctrine that there is a time limit for repentance Thanatism | belief that the soul dies with the body Theism | belief in the existence of God without special revelation Theocentrism | belief that God is central fact of existence Theopantism | belief that God is the only reality Theopsychism | belief that the soul is of a divine nature Thnetopsychism | belief that the soul dies with the body, to be reborn on day of judgement Titanism | spirit of revolt or defiance against social conventions Tolerationism | doctrine of toleration of religious differences Totemism | belief that a group has a special kinship with an object or animal Transcendentalism | theory that emphasizes that which transcends perception Transmigrationism | belief that soul passes into other body at death Trialism | doctrine that humans have three separate essences (body, soul, spirit) Tritheism | belief that the members of the Trinity are separate gods Triumphalism | belief in the superiority of one particular religious creed Tuism | theory that individuals have a second or other self Tutiorism | doctrine that one should take the safer moral course Tychism | theory that accepts role of pure chance Ubiquitarianism | belief that Christ is everywhere Undulationism | theory that light consists of waves Universalism | belief in universal salvation Utilitarianism | belief that utility of actions determines moral value Vitalism | the doctrine that there is a vital force behind life Voluntarism | belief that the will dominates the intellect Zoism | doctrine that life originates from a single vital principle Zoomorphism | conception of a god or man in animal form Zootheism | attribution of divine qualities to animals